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This research describes teachers and principals' experiences related to the work by beginner teachers in vulnerable contexts in pandemic times. The paper's objective is to understand the complex reality of a critical period that, instead of the usual catastrophes and disasters that have a more limited scope, has extended in time. It is expected to contribute to the development of knowledge about teaching and its contextual conditions that would allow the tracking of teaching work as it adapts to the changes that may arise as a result of the pandemic. Using a qualitative-interpretative paradigm, 14 public school teachers in their second year of professional exercise and eight of their principals were interviewed. Data analysis show changes in teaching associated to remote work. These occur, firstly, through transformations in the organization, the work space and pedagogical priorities;secondly, consequences such as teacher discomfort, new teaching-learning conditions and strategies are made evident;lastly, the modulation of established interpersonal relationships is exposed, among which the role of other teachers, educational assistants and managers stands out. © 2023 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the School of Nutrition and Dietetics of the University of Chile suspended all face-to-face professional practices, incorporating Online Nutritional Counseling (ONC) as a telemedicine activity. The objective of this study was to analyze the perception of students, users and supervising teachers regarding the implementation, user satisfaction and student performance in ONC as a new teaching and learning activity. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study, using non-probabilistic sampling. Students (n=42), users (n=133) and supervising teachers (n=6) were invited to participate. The level of user satisfaction, the perception of the counseling implementation process and student performance were evaluated through semi-structured online surveys. Quantitative and qualitative results were analyzed using Excel Office software. Results: The surveys were answered by 55.6% of users, 100% of teachers and 87.2% of students. The participating users perceived a high level of satisfaction with the ONC (95.9%), in terms of good implementation (98.1%) and good attention received by the students (98.6%). Students (83.3%) and teachers (79.6%) perceived a high level of satisfaction related to the implementation of the activity. Regarding student`s performance, students (89.7%) and teachers (86.7%) perceived a high level of performance. Conclusions: Users, teachers and students perceptions were evaluated regarding user satisfaction, implementation and student performance in the ONC, obtaining a high valuation by all the actors involved. It is suggested to consider the ONC as a permanent teaching-learning strategy and complementary to face-to-face professional practice activities.
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This research analyzes the undergraduate student's perceptions and challenges of the mandatory transition of six computer-aided design courses, from a blended modality to a completely remote one, in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. We analyzed a School of Architecture in Peru, which has implemented the blended learning in these six courses since 2015, to acquire technical skills in drawing, design, BIM, visualization, information graphic, video editing, computational design, and digital fabrication. We used an anonymous and self-administered survey between November and December 2021 to 1,045 students and received 435 responses for analysis. The results reveal the different ways in which the student interacts with the CAD software for each course. We concluded that the experience of going through the stages of face-to-face, blended, and online, prepares us to migrate into learning environments in the format of MOOCs. The study allowed us to identify challenges and strengths, such as usage preferences to consider for future transition, taking into account the characteristics of these types of courses as a basis for the creation of MOOCs for the inevitable demand for the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. © 2022 IEEE.
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The recent increase in the amount of research on Distance Learning in Engineering, Technology, and Computing, produced by the adaptations in response to the sanitary emergency, makes it necessary to systematize, classify and analyze the current trends. This paper presents a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed papers written and published in the Iberoamerican region, regarding remote learning and distant teaching in ETC. Using PRISMA, we selected articles located in several academic repositories, which were classified in order to identify countries of origin, types of research (research, application, review), main keywords, and universities. The results were then analyzed to identify regional trends and possible lines of action to better ensure that the research efforts continue after the emergency.
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Introduction: There are successful reports of the use of telemedicine in nephrology (TN), which would facilitate the access of patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) from the primary health centers (PHCs) to the nephrologist. Since 2019, TN has been implemented in Chile as a public health policy with national coverage. The process and outcome indicators associated with the Chilean National TN Program among PHCs and reference nephrologists are described. Methods: Descriptive study of asynchronous telemedicine care performed from urban and rural PHCs (574) (municipal health centers) to 17 nephrologists from Hospital Digital, between January 01, 2019 and June 30, 2021. The percentage of the rural population in Chile is 12.1%. Teleconsultations are sent by the PHCs doctor through a digital platform that contains clinical information, laboratory tests and treatments. The nephrologist in a deferred time, responds in the same way and decides between the options: 1) Counter-refer the patient to PHCs requesting more information or with treatment recommendations;2) Refer to a hospital for more complex studies or treatments. The following were analyzed: 1. Distribution by age, sex and comorbidities;2. Response times;3. Prevalence of CKD by stages;4. Destination post evaluation TN;5. Level of relevance of PHCs consultations. Results: In total, 12.705 asynchronous telemedicine visits were performed (2019: 50.8 %;2020: 31.9 %;2021:17.3%. During the Covid-19 pandemic, attention for TN was maintained although restricted by the health crisis in the public health network. The mean age was 65.9 (SD: 13.2) years;80% were older than 60 years;57%% women. CKD stages: S1 (8.5%%);S2 (16.2%);S3 (53.6%);S4 (17.9%) and S5 (3.7%). Comorbidities: diabetes 56%, hypertension 90.7%, dyslipidemia 65%, overweight 29.2% and obesity 38.7%. The average response time was 91 hrs. (range 1- 173). In total, 7.954 patients (62.6%) were referred to PHCs with recommendations, without requiring transfers to another center. In turn, 4.751 patients (37.4%) required face-to-face nephrological evaluation (58.1% high priority for CKD in stages 4-5). The relevance of the consultations according to the nephrologist's evaluation was considered high 23.1% and median 49.3%. Conclusions: The implementation of TN as a public policy has made it possible to facilitate expeditious access, evaluation and timely treatment of patients with CKD from urban and rural PHCs and prioritize face-to-face care by a nephrologist for those with greater risk or severity. Most of the patients evaluated (62.8%) were referred to PHCs, optimizing the limited space and high demand of face-to-face care per specialist. During the Covid-19 pandemic period, the use of TN was restricted but allowed continuity of control of patients with CKD and decongest PHCs and emergency care centers. Future studies should evaluate the impact of TN in the follow-up of patients screened with CKD, especially in stages 3-5, the decrease in travel-related CO2 emissions due to reduced displacement, the level of patient´s satisfaction/PHCs teams, and the evaluation effective cost of this care modality. No conflict of interest
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Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection has bimodal distribution in Europe with a 1st wave in March-June 2020 and a 2nd in September 2020-February 2021. In cancer patients (pts) the lethality of COVID- 19 infection was 25%>35% in the 1st wave. Comparison on impact of COVID-19 infection in the 1st vs. 2nd waves have not been performed in ALL. Aims: We compared the frequency, clinical characteristics and outcome of adults with ALL and COVID-19 infection in the 1st vs. 2nd waves in Spain. Methods: Between March 1, 2020-May 31, 2020, and between September 12, 2020- January 12, 2021 (date of vaccination onset in Spain), a registry from the PETHEMA (Programa Espa.ol de Tratamientos en Hematologia) and GETH (Grupo Espa.ol de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia Celular) groups prospectively recruited adult ALL pts with COVID-19 infection confirmed by PCR. Demographic and clinical characteristics of ALL and COVID-19 infection, comorbidities, treatment and outcome were collected and compared in the two periods. In addition, prognostic factors for survival were analyzed. Results: Fifty-six patients were collected in 82 centers contacted, 4 of them being excluded (COVID infection >3 yr. after end of ALL therapy [n=3] and Burkitt lymphoma [n=1]). Twenty-eight pts were collected in the 1st wave and 24 in the 2nd. Median age was 46 (range 20-83), (34 pts [65%] >40 yr). Comorbidities were present in 18 pts (35%). ALL was of B-cell precursors in 38 pts (74%) (Ph+ in 8, 15%). Thirtyone pts (60%) were under frontline treatment, 16 (31%) in rescue, 1 (2%) palliative and 4 (7%) had recently finished the therapy. Eight pts had received allogeneic HSCT (5 of them at COVID-19 infection diagnosis), CAR T (n=1, 2 yr prior to COVID-19 infection) or received immunotherapy (inotuzumab, n=6, 2 at COVID-19 infection, and blinatumomab, n=1, prior to COVID-19 infection). Eleven pts were receiving immunosuppressive drugs at COVID infection (fludarabine in 6, among others). No significant differences were observed in ALL characteristics in the two COVID-19 waves, except for a significantly higher number of patients on first line therapy in the second wave, and a higher frequency of severe neutropenia and lymphocytopenia in the first wave. COVID19 therapy was different in the two periods, with significantly higher use of hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir and lopinavir-ritonavir in the first wave and corticosteroids in the second wave. No significant differences were observed in need of oxygen support (12 vs. 8 pts), ICU requirement (7 vs. 4 pts), days in ICU (medians 16 vs. 21) and time to COVID infection recovery (medians 17 vs. 13 days). Seventeen patients (33%) died (11 vs. 6), being death attributed to COVID infection in 15 (29%), without significant differences in the 100-day survival probabilities (Figure 1). By multivariable analysis only comorbidities at COVID-19 infection had a negative impact on survival (HR: 5.358 [95% CI: 1.875;15.313]). Summary/Conclusion: COVID-19 infection was frequent in ALL pts, especially in those with advanced age and under ALL frontline or rescue therapy. The frequency of severe COVID-19 infection and mortality were high, with negative impact of comorbidities on survival. No significant differences were observed in ALL characteristics, response to therapy and outcome in the two waves of COVID infection. The poor outcome of COVID infection makes vaccination a priority for ALL patients in this pandemic period. Supported in part by 2017 SGR288 (GRC) Generalitat de Catalunya and "la Caixa" Foundation.
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During COVID-19 global emergency, designers proposed solutions at different scales, as quick responses to demands from different agents. In the same way, we critically analyzed the emergence of allies, protocols and tools, which allowed the optimization of fabrication, from traditional manufacturing into distributed co-production. The analyzed local networks produced global co-design experiences, with involvement of FabLabs and users from different disciplines. Through case studies and the evaluation of surveys and testimonials from users and makers, we analyze the global panorama, to finally explore the specific situation in Latin America. This establishes a relationship between medical demand and digital fabrication, which allows evidence of positive and negative situations to be consider as new, significant aspects for the design in the future. The leading role acquired by the ecosystem surrounding digital fabrication during the pandemic, could enhance its processes in the search for greater positioning, changing society from within the different communities. © 2021 Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. All rights reserved.
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The outcomes from the lived experience descriptions show that tested indicators for the evaluation of both MOOCs and preschool education are insufficient or inexact for the assessment of our current condition. Most of the main online platforms, based on universities or as products of local entrepreneurships have ignored the preschool group. The already proposed generic solutions do not meet preschool education's needs. Considering Behavioral Patterns we propose a model useful for both the evaluation of ongoing experiences and the organization of new content. © 2020 IEEE.